Valorizing date palm spikelets into activated carbon-derived composite for methyl orange adsorption: advancing circular bioeconomy in wastewater treatment—a comprehensive study on its equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms
Mazen S.F. Al-Hazeef, Amel Aidi, Lynda Hecini, Ahmed Ibrahim Osman✉, Gamil Gamal Hasan, Mohammed Althamthami, Sabrina Ziad, Tarik Otmane, David W. Rooney
Abstract
Abstract Leveraging date palm spikelets (DPS) as a precursor, this study developed a DPS-derived composite (ZnO@DPS-AC) for water treatment, focusing on methyl orange (MO) removal. The composite was synthesized through ZnCl2 activation and pyrolysis at 600 °C. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using TGA, FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDS, and pHPZC. Characterization revealed a highly carbonaceous material (> 74% carbon) with significant porosity and surface functional groups. ZnO@DPS-AC demonstrated rapid MO removal, achieving over 45% reduction within 10 min and up to 99% efficiency under optimized conditions. The Langmuir model-calculated maximum adsorption capacity reached 226.81 mg/g at 20 °C. Adsorption mechanisms involved hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and pore filling. The composite showed effectiveness in treating real wastewater and removing other pollutants. This study highlights the potential of agricultural waste valorization in developing efficient, sustainable adsorbents for water remediation, contributing to circular bioeconomy principles.
Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue number | 38 |
| Pages | 50493-50512 |
| Publisher | Springer Science+Business Media |
| ISSN | 0944-1344 · 1614-7499 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-024-34581-3 |
| Publication status | Published — 3 August 2024 |
Keywords
UN Sustainable Development Goals
- 6 — Clean water and sanitation
- 12 — Responsible consumption and production
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- Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Coagulation and Flocculation Studies
- activated carbon
- methyl orange adsorption
- dye removal
- agricultural waste valorization
- circular bioeconomy
- wastewater treatment
- adsorption kinetics
- adsorption thermodynamics
- Water Science and Technology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Environmental Science
- Engineering