The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Industrialized Countries: A Second Generation Econometric Approach

This study contributes to the analysis of the Environmental Kuznets hypothesis (EKC) for 31 industrialized countries during 1980-2019 using long-term static and dynamic panel data methods. According to Pesaran's CD tests, the CSD issue is present in all variables. The EKC model had a long-run relationship, according to the results of the second-generation Pesaran CIPS unit roots and Westerlund tests. The estimation results of the static model (MG) and dynamic models (CS-DL and CS-ARDL) reached the same conclusion as the reliability of the EKC hypothesis, implying that environmental pollution and economic growth are linked in an inverted N-letter shape.

• environmental Kuznets curve
• environmental pollution
• economic growth
• developed countries
• long-run relationship
• cointegration
• dynamic panel data
• ARDL model
• cross-sectional dependence
• environmental quality

• Energy, Environment, Economic Growth
• Efficiency Analysis Using DEA
• Climate Change Policy and Economics
• environmental Kuznets curve
• environmental pollution
• economic growth
• developed countries
• long-run relationship
• cointegration
• dynamic panel data
• ARDL model
• Economics and Econometrics
• Management Science and Operations Research
• Economics, Econometrics and Finance
• Decision Sciences